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Hypertension
Description
Hypertension is a common disease in which the blood pressure in arteries is so high that your heart has to work more than normal. Continuous high blood pressure will eventually cause serious health problems like heart attack. There are two types of hypertension: Primary (essential) and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension has no identifiable cause while secondary hypertension is associated with an underlying disease.
Causes
The most common causes of hypertension include:
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Rich salt diet
- Old age
- Family history
- Alcohol abuse
- Chronic kidney disease.
Risk factors
Some conditions can increase your risk of high blood pressure, they include:
- Family history: People who have hypertensive patients in their family are at an increased risk of hypertension.
- Diabetes: Diabetic patients have an increased risk of getting high blood pressure.
- Stress: Your body produces certain hormones when you are under constant stress that may increase your blood pressure.
- Sedentary lifestyle: You’re at a higher risk of developing hypertension if your routine lacks physical activity.
- Age: Females older than 65 years of age and men older than 55 years of age are at an increased risk than the younger ones.
- Rich salt diet: People on a rich salt diet are more sensitive to this disease.
Symptoms
Patients with high blood pressure usually don’t have any symptoms but some patients may experience:
- Headaches
- Epistaxis (nose bleed)
- Visual disturbances
- Chest pain
- Hematuria (blood in urine)
- Fatigue
Diagnosis
To reach a diagnosis, your doctor will take your complete medical history, monitor your blood pressure at regular intervals, and run a few lab tests to find the underlying cause.
Management
Hypertension is a very common disease, follow the instructions of your doctor strictly to effectively control your blood pressure. The management of this disease includes:
- Life-style modification: Follow a strict diet, reduce or quit smoking, and include physical activity in your daily routine.
- Medicines: Take the medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
When to consult a doctor?
Consult your doctor if your condition persists or worsens, if you experience symptoms of heart attack or stroke, headaches, epistaxis (nose bleed), dizziness (lightheadedness), or fatigue.
Available Medicine for Hypertension
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