OVERVIEW
Diabetes is a group of conditions linked by an inability to produce enough insulin or to respond to insulin. This causes high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) and can lead to many acute and chronic health problems, some of these conditions are life-threatening. There are three types of diabetes:
Type I diabetes: This type occurs when the body fails to produce insulin. People with type I diabetes are insulin-dependent, which means they must take artificial insulin daily to stay alive.
Type 2 diabetes: This type affects the way the body uses insulin. While the body still makes insulin, unlike in type I, the cells in the body do not respond to it effectively. This is the most common type of diabetes and is strongly linked to obesity.
Gestational diabetes: This type occurs in women during pregnancy when the body can become less sensitive to insulin. Gestational diabetes does not occur in all women and usually resolves after giving birth.
WHAT IS DIABETES PROFILE LAB TEST?
Diabetes profile is a group of tests that are used to diagnose diabetes or its complications, it includes:
Blood glucose
Urine analysis
HBA1C
Insulin
ICA (islent cell body) for type I
C-peptide
INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULT:
Blood sugar/Urine sugar (F – fasting)
- Normal value: (fasting) – 70 to 110 mg/dl.
- Increased glucose levels found in diabetes mellitus, liver disorders, hyperactivity of the thyroid, pituitary and adrenal glands.
- Decreased levels found in the lower activity of the thyroid, pituitary and adrenal glands.
Blood sugar/Urine sugar (postprandial (PP) – Two hours, after lunch.
- Normal value: Up to 130 mg/dl.
- Normal value: Absent or very small amount of 2 to 20 mg/dl present.
- If the glucose stripe test is positive, then the amount of glucose is determined.
Urine ketone bodies
- Normal value: Absent.
- If present, indicates diabetes mellitus.
Blood urea nitrogen
- Normal value: 7 – 23 mg/dl.
- Elevated in diabetes mellitus.
