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Premenstrual syndrome

Description

Pre-menstrual syndrome, commonly known as PMS, is a disorder experienced by most females a few days before menstrual period. It is a cyclical combination of physical, emotional and behavioral effects that are different for every woman.

Causes

The exact cause for PMS in unknown, but following appear to contribute

  • Hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.
  • Chemical changes in the brain- Fluctuation in the levels of the brain chemical called serotonin, which may cause mood changes.
  • Underlying depression.
Risk factors

Common risk factors associated with premenstrual syndrome are:

  • Women in their 20s and 30s
  • Physical or emotional stress
  • Increased caffeine intake
  • Improper nutrition
  • Personal or family history of depression
Symptoms

Symptoms usually begin 5-6 days before menses and for some women, may continue during menstruation. They may vary from woman to woman. These include;

Physical symptoms:

  • Swollen and tender breast
  • Bloating
  • Weight gain
  • Stomach cramping
  • Fatigue
  • Headache or backache
  • Intolerance to noise and light

 Emotional symptoms:

  • Irritability
  • Feeling tired
  • Appetite changes
  • The feeling of sadness and worthlessness
  • Mood swings
  • Sleep changes
  • Decreased sexual drive
Diagnosis

Although being so common, PMS is a disorder that often goes unrecognized. There are no investigations. The diagnosis is made by the doctor on the basis of history.

Management

Treatment of PMS is symptomatic (targeting a specific symptom).

  • Evening primrose oil – for breast tenderness
  • Anti-depressant medication e.g. SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitor)
  • Over the counter pain killers e.g. Ibuprofen.
  • Combined oral contraceptive pills – to regulate the cycles.
  • Counselling also plays a major role.
When to consult a doctor?

If the symptoms become so severe and frequent so as to affect your everyday life, visit your doctor.

Available Medicine for Premenstrual syndrome

Primolut-N 5mg

Rs.103.88

Bayer

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