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Parkinsons

Description

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the movement of a person. There is degeneration of the neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine. Lack of dopamine causes difficulty in movement. This disease is very common in old age.

Causes

Parkinson’s disease is also referred to as idiopathic parkinsonism because its causes are unclear but many factors contribute to its development, including:

  • Genetics: Gene mutations are found to be reported in Parkinson’s disease. It can also pass down from parents but it’s rare.
  • Environmental triggers: Interaction with certain toxins like manganese, and pesticides have a role in the development of Parkinson’s disease.
  • Drugs: Phenothiazine, Butyrophenones, Metoclopramide, and Tetrabenazine have been found to induce Parkinson’s disease.
Risk factors

The following factors can increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s:

  • Age: Parkinson’s disease is very common in older people. It usually develops after 60 years of age.
  • Gender: Men are twice more at risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.
  • Farming: Interaction with pesticides increase your risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.
  • Head injury: You are at an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s if you have received a severe head injury.
Symptoms

Symptoms include:

  • A tremor that occurs at rest.
  • Rigidity or stiffness of the limbs
  • Movements that are very slow.
  • A face that is expressionless or ‘’mask-like’’.
  • Difficulty in balance and maintaining posture. This may lead to frequent falls.
  • Difficulty in walking, especially in initiating the movement. Steps also tend to become shorter, and more rapid.
  • Trouble sleeping.
  • Difficulty swallowing.
  • Difficulty urinating or involuntary urination.
Diagnosis

Your doctor may check for muscle rigidity, balance, and movement. The following tests can also help in making a diagnosis:

  • Blood tests to rule out any other disease.
  • CT scan to check for tumors or a stroke.
  • SPECT
  • Genetic testing to check for mutations.
Management

Though there is no exact cure for this disease, the following medicines can be used to manage the symptoms effectively:

  • Levodopa, this is usually prescribed along with Carbidopa
  • Dopamine agonists such as Pramipexole, rotigotine, or ropinirole
  • Atypical dopamine agonist, Amantadine.
  • COMT inhibitors such as tolcapone, or entacapone.

Some small changes that can help are:

  • Avoiding sudden movements
  • Try to make sure your heels make contact with the ground first while walking.
  • To avoid falls, try to avoid leaning, carrying things while walking, and try to make a U-turn instead of turning like you usually would.
When to consult a doctor?

A doctor should be consulted if:

  • the recommended treatment is no longer effective in managing your symptoms.
  • You cannot tolerate the side effects of any of the medicine prescribed.
  • If you are experiencing symptoms of depression.
  • If you start to experience other symptoms such as sexual problems, or difficulty in controlling urination.
  • If your memory, or thinking ability seems to be impaired. Friends and family can help in identifying these changes.

Available Medicine for Parkinsons

PK-Merz 100mg

Rs.325

Brookes

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