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Osteoporosis

Description

Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disease that is characterized by decrease in bone mass and density. Bones undergo remodeling constantly. In osteoporosis, there is an imbalance between production and destruction. Bones become brittle, porous, and vulnerable to fracture. Fractures are most common in hip, backbone, and wrist.

Causes

Following are some of the causes of osteoporosis:

  • Family tendency of osteoporosis
  • Cystic fibrosis (lung infection)
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)
  • Vitamin C and D deficiency
  • Malnutrition
  • Alcohol abuse and smoking
  • Medicines like anticonvulsants, anticoagulants, chemotherapy, or corticosteroids.
  • Abnormal thyroid levels
  • Diabetes type-I
  • Celiac disease
Risk factors

Several factors can increase risk of developing osteoporosis, some of them are:

  • Age: Risk of getting osteoporosis increases with increasing age.
  • Gender: Females have a predilection of getting osteoporosis.
  • Menopause: Bone density rapidly decreases in women after menopause because of estrogen deficiency.
  • Family history: Genetics has an important role in developing osteoporosis. There is an increased risk of developing osteoporosis if your parents or sibling have it.
  • Short stature: People with short height are more likely to develop osteoporosis.
  • Sedentary lifestyle: People who lack physical activity in their daily routine are more prone to developing this disease.
  • Smoking and alcohol abuse: Tobacco and alcohol negatively affect bone health.
  • Medicines: Certain medicines like anti-seizures and corticosteroids are associated with an increase in osteoporosis.
  • Malnourished: Nutrition is important for the health of bone. Malnourished is yet another identifiable risk of osteoporosis.
Symptoms

An increase in the tendency to fracture may be the only sign initially, and fractures of the wrist or hip bone after falling are very common. This may be followed by any of these symptoms:

  • Muscular aches and pains (particularly in the neck or back)
  • Muscle tenderness
  • Backache
  • Fractures
  • Leaned down posture
  • Loss of height.
Diagnosis

To reach a diagnosis, your doctor will ask for your complete medical history and perform a physical exam. If he/she suspects osteoporosis, your doctor may ask you to get the following test done:

  • Bone mineral density scan
  • DEXA scan
  • Ultrasound scan of heel.
Management

The goal of management is to relieve the symptoms, stabilize the remaining bone density, fracture prevention, and decrease osteoclast activity (destruction). Following are the medicines:

 

  • Lifestyle modification: Follow a strict diet rich in calcium, avoid smoking, alcohol, or caffeine intake, and exercise regularly.
  • Drug therapy: Medicines are prescribed by the doctor based on severity of osteoporosis, it includes:
  1. Bisphosphonates are very useful for fracture prevention in patients who already had a fracture associated with osteoporosis.
  2. Monoclonal antibodies
  3. Hormone replacement therapy.
  • Surgery:
  1. Vertebroplasty: To stabilize the weakened bone.
  2. Kyphoplasty: To correct extreme curvature of spine.
When to consult a doctor?

Consult your doctor immediately if there is persistent back pain, fever, numbness in genitals, numbness in leg or feet, loss of control over bladder or bowel or if there is worsening of the condition.

Available Medicine for Osteoporosis

Adronate 10mg

Rs.360

Jinnah Pharma

Albonate 10mg

Rs.414

Albro

Albonate 70mg

Rs.1500

Albro

Alendrate 10mg

Rs.154

Global Pharma

Alendrate 70mg

Rs.890

Global Pharma

Alendrate 70mg

Rs.356

Global Pharma

Alendroflex 10mg

Rs.190

Novins

Alendroflex 70mg

Rs.1000

Novins

Alendroflex 70mg

Rs.308

Novins

Bismax 10mg

Rs.190

Delux

Bonafide 70mg

Rs.800

Medisure

Bonate 70mg

Rs.360

Wilshire

Bonate 10mg

Rs.100

Wilshire

Bonemed 10mg

Rs.240

Medicraft

Bonemed 70mg

Rs.690

Medicraft

Bonfit 10mg

Rs.200

Searle

Bonfit 70mg

Rs.363.53

Searle

Bongard 10mg

Rs.200

Pharm Evo

Bongard 70mg

Rs.300

Pharm Evo

Bonpart 10mg

Rs.158.11

Barrett

Bonpart 70mg

Rs.460

Barrett

Bostrong 10mg

Rs.164.5

PDH

Bostrong 70mg

Rs.360

PDH

Drate 10mg

Rs.135

S.J. & G. Fazul Ellahie

Firmofos 10mg

Rs.30.86

Zafa

Firmofos 70mg

Rs.500

Zafa

Fosamax 10mg

Rs.0

OBS

Fosamax 70mg

Rs.2383.56

OBS

Fronate 70mg

Rs.379

Pearl

Geonic 10mg

Rs.360

Shaf

Geonic 70mg

Rs.690

Shaf

Lendra 70mg

Rs.600

Lowitt

Maxbon 70mg

Rs.800

RG Pharma

Orthonate 70mg

Rs.600

Schazoo Pharmaceuticals

Alendroflex D 70mg/70mcg

Rs.368

Novins

Drate Plus D 70mg/70mcg

Rs.725

S.J. & G. Fazul Ellahie

Lendrol-D 70mg/70mcg

Rs.450

Genix

Obemax-D 70mg/70mcg

Rs.450

Noa Hemis

Pronat-D 70mg/70mcg

Rs.0

Amarant

Drate 70mg

Rs.750

S.J. & G. Fazul Ellahie

Adronil 150mg

Rs.751.42

Searle

Bionic 150mg

Rs.819.75

S.J. & G. Fazul Ellahie

Bondronat 2mg

Rs.10200

Roche

Bondronat 6mg

Rs.25465

Roche

Bonvir 150mg

Rs.425

Shrooq

Bonviva 3mg

Rs.10000

Roche

Bonviva 150mg

Rs.2470.59

Roche

Filbone 150mg

Rs.385

Wilshire

Ibandro 150mg

Rs.525

Pharm Evo

Ronate 150mg

Rs.385

Amarant

Adronil 3mg/3ml

Rs.2231.22

Searle

Osfit 150mg

Rs.500

Scotman

Ibnate 1mg 3mg/3ml

Rs.1800

Genix

Aminomux 100mg

Rs.2004

Segionior

Aminomux 15mg

Rs.1068

Segionior

Aminomux 30mg

Rs.2752.94

Segionior

Aminomux 90mg

Rs.0

Segionior

Aredia 15mg

Rs.1812.98

Novartis

Osteopam 30mg

Rs.2375

CCL

Osteopam 90mg

Rs.6330

CCL

Pamidria 30mg

Rs.2375

Cipla-A.J. Mirza

Pamidria 60mg

Rs.3960

Cipla-A.J. Mirza

Pamidria 90mg

Rs.6330

Cipla-A.J. Mirza

Pamisole 30mg

Rs.2800

Atco

Denser 60mg

Rs.200

Valor

Evista 60mg

Rs.0

Eli Lilly

Loxiam 60mg

Rs.100

Amarant

Osteonil 60mg

Rs.411.76

Stand Pharm

Raloxi 60mg

Rs.0

Hansel

Relofin 60mg

Rs.200

Nexpharm

Revera 60mg

Rs.100

Tagma

Actonel 35mg

Rs.1900

Sanofi

Actonel 5mg

Rs.1008

Sanofi

Atconate 150mg

Rs.660

Atco

Atconate 35mg

Rs.342

Atco

Azebone 35mg

Rs.493

Pharmix

Bone 5mg

Rs.400

Akson

Bone 35mg

Rs.895

Akson

Dronate 35mg

Rs.1000

Martin Dow

Dronate 5mg

Rs.350

Martin Dow

Freal 150mg

Rs.380

Genix

Osteorise 35mg

Rs.700

Nexpharm

Osteorise 5mg

Rs.250

Nexpharm

Redrona 35mg

Rs.500

Bosch

Redrona 5mg

Rs.266

Bosch

Risofos 5mg

Rs.390

Hansel

Risonate 35mg

Rs.1200

Shaigan

Risonate 5mg

Rs.350

Shaigan

Valetta 150mg

Rs.0

Wilshire

Valetta 35mg

Rs.500

Wilshire

Valetta 5mg

Rs.400

Wilshire

Miacalcic 100IU/ml

Rs.311.79

Novartis

Miacalcic 200IU

Rs.5446.58

Novartis

Salmocal 100IU

Rs.299

S.J. & G. Fazul Ellahie

Salmocal Nasal 200IU

Rs.2801

S.J. & G. Fazul Ellahie

Onita 2g sachets

Rs.157.14

Pharm Evo

Rontilate 2g

Rs.136.65

Horizon Pharma

Osstium 2g

Rs.175

Atco

Aclasta 5mg

Rs.32000

Novartis

Edonax IV 5mg

Rs.17736

S.J. & G. Fazul Ellahie

Kedronico 4mg

Rs.16150

Oncogene

Zoldic 4mg

Rs.15000

CCL

Zoldria 4mg

Rs.15000

Cipla-A.J. Mirza

Zometa 4mg

Rs.23215.63

Novartis

Zoledronic Acid AHP 4 mg

Rs.21629

Al Habib Pharmaceuticals

Forsteo 20mcg/80ul

Rs.47906

Eli Lilly