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Migraine

Description

Migraine is a neurological (brain related) condition, in which the patient experiences intense pain on one side of the head and this symptom repeats over and over again in the same area. It is accompanied by disturbances of vision and hearing, nausea and vomiting. It may last anywhere from 4 to 72 hours. 

A neurological condition characterized with severe throbbing and recurring headaches often associated with nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light.

Migraine maybe of several types:

  • Migraine with aura: migraine with sensory changes or disturbances before the attack.
  • Migraine without aura: migraine without sensory disturbances before the attack.
  • Menstrual migraine
  • Silent migraine: aura symptoms are present in the absence of headache.
  • Vestibular migraine: having vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and balance problems with or without the headache.
  • Abdominal migraine: usually occurs in children under 14 years of age characterized with severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting etc.
  • Basilar migraine: also known as brainstem aura, characterized with neurological dysfunction such as difficulty in speaking, confusion, dizziness, loss of balance etc.
Causes

Causes of migraine include:

  • Stress,
  • Physical exertion,
  • Sleep changes,
  • Alcohol,
  • Hormonal changes etc.
Risk factors

NON MODIFIABLE:

  • It can be hereditary: patients often know other family members that suffer from migraine.
  • It is believed that women are more commonly affected than men.

 MODIFIABLE:

  • Migraine can be provoked by specific factors or situations. These are known as triggers. They vary patient to patient and can be avoided e.g. stress, alcohol, cheese, certain sounds, light, certain drugs.
Symptoms

Symptoms of migraine occur in different stages or periods, which are prodrome; a few days before the attack, aura; a few hours or minutes before the attack of migraine, attack; actual migraine stage and postdrome; period that lasts for 24 hours after the migraine attack.

  • Symptoms of prodrome stage:
    • Depression,
    • Anxiety,
    • Irritability,
    • Food craving,
    • Neck stiffness etc.
  • Symptoms of aura:
    • Loss of vision,
    • Numbness or weakness on one side of the body,
    • Difficulty in speaking,
    • Hearing sounds that are not present,
    • Tingling sensation etc.
  • Symptoms of attack:
    • Throbbing pain,
    • Nausea,
    • Dizziness,
    • Vomiting,
    • Sensitivity to light and sound etc.
  • Symptoms of postdrome include:
    • Confused,
    • Fatigued,
    • Dizzy,
    • Mood changes etc.
Diagnosis

Diagnosis of migraine is based on the basis of detailed history and physical examination. If the migraine worsens or doesn’t improve at all then CT scan or MRI is done for other possible causes of the pain.

Management

Migraine can have a serious setback on daily life. There are few ways one can limit or prevent migraine:

1) Do not deviate from normal routine (do not skip meals, regular sleep cycles etc)

 2) Avoid stress

3) Avoid triggers (sound, light etc)

4) Medication:

ACUTE: Fights the pain directly.

PREVENTIVE: If patient suffers for 2 or more episodes per month then preventive medication is advised to limit the frequency of migraine.

To prevent migraine:

  • Stay hydrated,
  • Avoid triggers of migraine,
  • Take sufficient sleep,
  • Avoid taking stress,
  • Exercise,
  • Do relaxation skills etc.
When to consult a doctor?

A doctor should be consulted if:

  • If your headaches are severe, recurrent and you are unable to get relief from the pain.

Available Medicine for Migraine

Migril

Rs.56.52

GlaxoSmithKline

Mosegor 0.5mg

Rs.124.27

Novartis

Mosegor

Rs.149.86

Novartis

MOSEGOR 120ML SYP

Rs.253.45

Novartis

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