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Hepatitis B
Description
It is a type of viral liver infection that can cause both acute & chronic diseases. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This virus is mostly transmitted via contact to blood or body fluids, during birth & delivery, sex with an infected partner, injection-drug use that involves sharing needles, syringes, or drug-preparation equipment. It is a potentially life-threatening infection & a global health issue.
A vaccine is available for hepatitis B which helps prevent this infection about 98% to 100%. By preventing this infection, you will be able to protect yourself from going towards chronic disease, liver cancer & death. There are less than 5% cases of hepatitis in adulthood leading to chronic hepatitis. While infection in infancy and early childhood leading to chronic hepatitis is found in 95% of cases.
Causes
It is caused by the hepatitis B virus which can spread from person to person in various ways. When a person becomes exposed to infected blood or body fluid, they get infected with HBV. Its transmission modes involve:
- sexual contact
- blood transfusions
- transfusion with other human blood products
- re-use of contaminated needles and syringes
- vertical transmission from mother to child (MTCT) during childbirth.
Risk factors
Risk factors can be:
- Unprotected sex with an infected partner
- Sharing needles
- Accidental needle sticks
- Hepatitis B mother to child
- A job that exposes you to human blood
- Travel regions with high infection rates
Symptoms
It is possible for there to be no apparent signs or symptoms, however, in most cases, the following symptoms may be present:
- Jaundice. This refers to yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes.
- Fever and an upset stomach (nausea, reduced appetite, and vomiting).
- Pale stools and dark colored urine.
- Fatigue and flu-like symptoms.
Diagnosis
Physically doctor examines and followed by diagnostic procedures like:
- Blood tests
- Liver ultrasound like transient elastography can show an amount of liver damage.
- Liver biopsy
Management
Its treatment involves:
- As soon as you get exposed to the virus, the doctor gives a vaccine & shot of hepatitis B immune globulin (which will help boost the immune system)
- Avoid unnecessary medications like paracetamol/acetaminophen.
- Eat healthy diet
- Various prescription medicines like antivirals for chronic hepatitis
- Surgery
- Liver transplant (in cirrhosis)
When to consult a doctor?
People in the following conditions are recommended to get screened for hepatitis B:
- Pregnant women
- Born in countries where hepatitis B is common.
- Not vaccinated for HBV
- HIV-positive patients
- Men having sex with men
- People living with or having sexual encounters with hepatitis B patients
- Injecting drugs kind of people.
Available Medicine for Hepatitis B
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