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Glossitis
Description
Glossitis refers to inflammation of the tongue. In this disorder, the tongue becomes swollen, changes in color, and appears different as compared to a normal tongue. The surface of the tongue becomes smooth. A type of glossitis is known as geographic tongue in which a map-like pattern develops on the upper surface of the tongue.
Causes
The most common causes of glossitis are:
- Hypersensitive (allergic) reaction to any dental care product, food item, or medicine,
- Dry mouth caused by Sjogren syndrome (salivary gland disease),
- Bacterial, viral, or fungal infection,
- Trauma caused by ill-fitting dental appliances,
- Skin disorders that affect the mouth as well,
- Mouth irritation caused by tobacco,
- Excess intake of hot and spicy food and drinks,
- Hormonal imbalance,
- Deficiency of vitamins and minerals.
Risk factors
Predisposing factors for glossitis are:
- Trauma to any part of the mouth,
- Intake of extremely spicy food,
- Continuous mouth irritation caused by ill-fitting dental appliances,
- Herpes simplex infection,
- Low iron level
- Food allergies
- Immunosuppression
Symptoms
Major symptoms of glossitis are trouble in mastication (chewing), swallowing, and speaking, sore, tender (painful), swollen tongue, smooth appearance of the tongue, erythema (redness), or paleness on the tongue, and very rarely, obstruction of the airway.
Diagnosis
To formulate a diagnosis, your doctor will take your thorough medical and family history, will closely inspect your mouth, ask questions related to your symptoms, run some laboratory investigations to rule out metabolic disorders, and will ask about all the dental treatment that you have received.
Management
The aim of treatment is to provide relief from pain and swelling. Your doctor may prescribe you an antibiotic if the cause behind your condition is an ongoing infection and some multivitamins if the cause is nutritional deficiency. General recommendations will include a good oral hygiene practice and avoiding irritants like spicy and hot food, tobacco, or ill-fitting dentures.
When to consult a doctor?
You are recommended to consult a doctor if there is worsening of your condition, no improvement in your condition, your symptoms last for longer than 10 days, or trouble in breathing, speaking, or chewing gets severe.
Available Medicine for Glossitis
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