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Diphtheria
Description
Diphteria is a bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae.Diphteria is a serious infection that primarily affects the mucous membranes of the throat and nose. If diphteria is left untreated it can cause severe respiratory and systemic complications.Causes
Diphtheria is caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae and can spread through:
- Coughing or sneezing from an infected person.
- Touching infected wounds or objects contaminated with the bacteria.
Risk factors
Risk factors for Diphtheria include:
- Incomplete vaccination or no immnuization at all
- Living in unhygienic conditions
- Travelling to countries where diphtheria is endemic
Symptoms
The symptoms of diphtheria will appear approximately 2-5 days after infection and the severity can vary from individual to individual. Some of the common symptoms of diphtheria are:- Painful, red sores or ulcers on the skin
- Fever and chills
- Hoarseness in the voice
- Difficulty in swallowing
- Sore throat
- Thick, grayish membrane covering the throat and tonsils
- Swollen glands in the neck
- Difficulty breathing
- May develop a grayish membrane
Diagnosis
The Diagnosis of diphtheria is done by one of the following methods:
- Throat culture: Swab from the throat or lesion to detect Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
- Toxin detection: Tests to confirm toxin production by the bacteria.
Management
Treatment of diphtheria needs to be immediate. Following are the ways to treat diphtheria:
- Antitoxin: Neutralizes the diphtheria toxin. Administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
- Antibiotics: Kills the bacteria and prevents further spread. Common antibiotics like penicclin and erythromycin can work.
- Supportive care: For severe cases, treament of the complications and airay management is important.
Available Medicine for Diphtheria
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